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dc.contributor.authorArvesen, Anders
dc.contributor.authorHauan, Ingrid Bjerke
dc.contributor.authorBolsøy, Bernhard Mikal
dc.contributor.authorHertwich, Edgar G.
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-18T14:15:12Z
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-22T14:23:57Z
dc.date.available2016-03-18T14:15:12Z
dc.date.available2016-03-22T14:23:57Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier.citationApplied Energy 2015, 157:144-151nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn1872-9118
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2382660
dc.description.abstractElectricity transmission and distribution (T&D) plays a vital role in society by connecting electricity producers and consumers. We present a life cycle assessment case study of electricity delivery to consumers in Nord-Trøndelag county in Norway. We use a coherent framework for assessing electricity transfer via all the main segments of the Norwegian T&D system (local distribution, regional transmission and main national transmission grids). The assessment covers impacts associated with production, transport, and installation of components, power grid losses, and losses of sulphur hexafluoride. The results indicate that for electricity that is transmitted through the three main T&D grid segments, and assuming a Norwegian electricity mix when modelling the effects of power losses, the total carbon footprint of electricity T&D is 7.8 kg CO2-eq/MW h. Local distribution holds the largest share of this total (∼60%), while regional transmission and national transmission both make smaller but significant contributions (∼20% each). When classifying impacts as being attributable to either power grid losses or to other processes (e.g., materials and component manufacturing), both power losses and other processes contribute significantly to total impact potentials. Power losses are responsible for 30–43% of the combined electricity T&D impact potentials for climate change, particulate matter, smog-creation and acidification, 21–28% for toxicity and eutrophication, and 14% for metal depletion. For all categories except metal depletion, the relative importance of power losses increases appreciably if Nordic or particularly European electricity is assumed, however. Finally, we compare the environmental impacts of electricity T&D with that of electricity generation. The results of the comparison show that electricity T&D causes fewer impacts than electricity generation, but T&D impacts are not negligible; this is true regardless of what electricity mix is assumed when modelling power losses.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherElseviernb_NO
dc.subjectLife cycle assessment (LCA); Carbon footprint; Electrical grid; Electricity transmission; Electricity distributionnb_NO
dc.titleLife cycle assessment of transport of electricity via different voltage levels: A case study for Nord-Trøndelag county in Norwaynb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer revieweden_GB
dc.date.updated2016-03-18T14:15:12Z
dc.source.pagenumber144-151nb_NO
dc.source.volume157nb_NO
dc.source.journalApplied Energynb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.013
dc.identifier.cristin1281433
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 209697nb_NO
dc.description.localcode© 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/nb_NO


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