• Handwriting fluency and the quality of primary grade students’ writing 

      Skar, Gustaf Bernhard Uno; Lei, Pui-Wa; Graham, Steve; Aasen, Arne Johannes; Byberg Johansen, Marita; Kvistad, Anne Holten (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Until children can produce letters quickly and accurately, it is assumed that handwriting disrupts and limits the quality of their text. This investigation is the largest study to date (2596 girls, 2354 boys) assessing the ...
    • A longitudinal intervention study of the effects of increasing amount of meaningful writing across grades 1 and 2 

      Skar, Gustaf Bernhard Uno; Graham, Steve; Huebner, Alan; Kvistad, Anne Holten; Johansen, Marita Byberg; Aasen, Arne Johannes (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The current study examined the effectiveness of a writing is caught approach with young developing writers in Norway. This method is based on the premise that writing competence is acquired naturally through real use in ...
    • Teaching Chinese characters to students in grades 1 to 3 through emergency remote instruction during the COVID‑19 pandemic 

      Ping Hsiang, Tien; Graham, Steve; Wang, Zhisheng; Wang, Chuang; Skar, Gustaf Bernhard Uno (Journal article, 2022)
      The current study examined how Chinese characters were taught by primary grade teachers in Macao during online instruction resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., emergency remote instruction). A random sample of 313 ...
    • Teaching writing during the COVID‑19 pandemic in the 2021–2022 school year 

      Graham, Steve; Huebner, Alan; Skar, Gustaf Bernhard Uno; Azani, Jessica; Weinberg, Phil (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      This study examined if in-class, online, and hybrid (in-class and on-line) instruction provided to middle and high school students in the U.S. differed during the third school year of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also provided ...
    • Teaching writing in the primary grades in Norway: a national survey 

      Graham, Steve; Skar, Gustaf Bernhard Uno; Falk, Daroon Yassin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      A sample of 1049 Norwegian teachers in grades 1–3 were surveyed about how they taught writing as well as their preparation and efficacy to do so. Although there was moderate variability in their response to survey items, ...