• Exercise treatment effect modifiers in persistent low back pain: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 3514 participants from 27 randomised controlled trials 

      Hayden, Jill A.; Wilson, Maria N.; Stewart, Samuel; Cartwright, Jennifer L.; Smith, Andrea O.; Riley, Richard D.; van Tulder, Maurits; Bendix, Tom; Cecchi, Francesca; Costa, Leonardo O.P.; Dufour, Ninna; Ferreira, Manuela L.; Foster, Nadine E.; Gudavalli, Maruti R.; Hartvigsen, Jan; Helmhout, Pieter; Kool, Jan; Koumantakis, George A.; Kovacs, Francisco M.; Kuukkanen, Tiina; Long, Audrey; Macedo, Luciana G.; Machado, Luciana A.C.; Maher, Chris G.; Mehling, Wolf; Morone, Giovanni; Peterson, Tom; Rasmussen-Barr, Eva; Ryan, Cormac G.; Sjögren, Tuulikki; Smeets, Rob; Staal, J. Bart; Unsgaard-Tøndel, Monica; Wajswelner, Henry; Yeung, Ella W. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Background Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Exercise therapy is widely recommended to treat persistent non-specific low back pain. While evidence suggests exercise is, on average, moderately ...