Skaaby, Tea; Taylor, Amy E; Jacobsen, Rikke K.; Paternoster, Lavinia; Thuesen, Betina H.; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.; Larsen, Sofus C.; Zhou, Ang; Wong, Andrew; Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad; Bjørngaard, Johan Håkon; Flexeder, Claudia; Männistö, Satu; Hardy, Rebecca; Kuh, Diana; Barry, Sarah J.; Møllehave, Line Tang; Cerqueira, Charlotte; Friedrich, Nele; Bonten, Tobias N.; Noordam, Raymond; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.; Taube, Christian; Jessen, Leon E.; McConnachie, Alex; Sattar, Naveed; Upton, Mark N.; McSharry, Charles; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Bisgaard, Hans; Schulz, Holger; Strauch, Konstantin; Meitinger, Thomas; Peters, Annette; Grallert, Harald; Nohr, Ellen A.; Kivimäki, Mika; Kumari, Meena; Völker, Uwe; Nauck, Matthias; Völzke, Henry; Power, Chris; Hyppönen, Elina; Hansen, Torben; Jørgensen, Torben; Pedersen, Oluf; Salomaa, Veikko; Grarup, Niels; Langhammer, Arnulf; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Skorpen, Frank; Kaprio, Jaakko; Munafò, Marcus R.; Linneberg, Allan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)
Observational studies on smoking and risk of hay fever and asthma have shown inconsistent results. However, observational studies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization uses genetic ...