• Assessment of cost as a function of abatement options in maritime emission control areas 

      Lindstad, Haakon; Sandaas, Inge; Strømman, Anders Hammer (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015)
      This paper assesses cost as a function of abatement options in maritime emission control areas (ECA). The first regulation of air pollutions from ships which came into effect in the late 1990s was not strict and could ...
    • Maritime Shipping and Emissions: A three-layered, damage based approach 

      Lindstad, Haakon; Eskeland, Gunnar; Psaraftis, Harilaos; Sandaas, Inge; Strømman, Anders Hammer (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-12-01)
      Policy emphasis in ship design must be shifted away from global and idealized towards regional based and realistic vessel operating conditions. The present approach to reducing shipping emissions through technical standards ...