• Evaporative cooling system with natural refrigerant at -50 ℃ and 100 m underground 

      Barroca, Pierre; Hafner, Armin; Álvarez Pardiñas, Ángel; Verlaat, B; Zwalinski, L; Hulek, Wojciech; Petagna, P.; Hanf, Pierre; Battistin, M (Chapter, 2020)
      The cooling systems of the future tracking detectors of both ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be entirely based on CO2 refrigeration technology. The system is a booster refrigeration ...
    • Safety and reliability assessment of CO2 refrigeration system for underground applications below -50 °C 

      Barroca, Pierre; Verlaat, B; Hafner, Armin; Blust, Stefanie; Hulek, Wojciech; Zwalinski, L; Teixeira, Daniella (Chapter, 2021)
      A new CO2 refrigeration concept is evaluated to cool the ATLAS and CMS experiments installed close to 100 m underground, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The first prototype unit produced to validate the conceptual ...