For more than a decade, businesses and private citizens alike have been tormented by an online phenomenon that has changed our stance on cyber security. Ransomware, malicious software that demands payment in exchange for ...

Purpose Within critical-infrastructure industries, bow-tie analysis is an established way of eliciting requirements for safety and reliability concerns. Because of the ever-increasing digitalisation and coupling between ...

To combat cybercrime, a clearer understanding of the attacks and the offenders is necessary. When there is little available data about attack incidents, which is usually the case for new technology, one can make estimations ...

Undergrunnsforum er nettsamfunn hvor eksisterende og aspirerende cyberkriminelle kan bli kjent, diskutere ulovlige aktiviteter og utveksle produkter og tjenester. Terskelen for å bli en del av miljøet er lav. Det er arenaer ...

The infamous darknet hosts an underground economy for illegal goods and services, some of which can be purchased and used for cyber attacks. By analyzing the properties and popularity of such items, we can get indications ...

Cyber insurance has gained less ground in Europe than in the U.S., but with emerging laws and regulations, the prospect of considerable fines for security breaches is pushing many organisations into this market. A qualitative ...

Autonomous shipping operations are becoming economically and technically feasible, but this development also requires new human roles and responsibilities onshore for managing cyber events. The goal of this paper is to ...

Shipping undergoes rapid digitization, covering safety and security reporting, mandatory ship documentation, electronic port clearance as well as commercial and operational information exchanges. Increasing automation of ...

Ransomware is an epidemic that adversely affects the lives of both individuals and large companies, where criminals demand payments to release infected digital assets. In the wake of the ransomware success, Ransomware-as-a-Service ...