• Analyzing different designs of liner shipping feeder networks: a case study 

      Msakni, Mohamed Kais; Fagerholt, Kjetil; Meisel, Frank; Lindstad, Elizabeth (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      This paper proposes different network structures for a real liner shipping company to serve demands between Norwegian and European continental ports. The current practice of the shipping company deploys a feeder network ...
    • Can autonomous ships help short-sea shipping become more cost-efficient? 

      Msakni, Mohamed Kais; Akbar, Abeera; Aasen, Anna Kristine Almestad; Fagerholt, Kjetil; Meisel, Frank; Lindstad, Elizabeth (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      There is a strong political focus on moving cargo transportation from trucks to ships to reduce environmental emissions and road congestion. We study how the introduction of a future generation of autonomous ships can be ...
    • Decarbonizing bulk shipping combining ship design and alternative power 

      Lindstad, Elizabeth; Polic, Drazen; Rialland, Agathe Isabelle; Sandaas, Inge; Stokke, Tor (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The Sixth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stresses the urgency to rapidly reduce global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions to contain global warming. The main focus in the design of ...
    • An economic analysis of introducing autonomous ships in a short‐sea liner shipping network 

      Akbar, Abeera; Aasen, Anna Kristine Almestad; Msakni, Mohamed Kais; Fagerholt, Kjetil; Lindstad, Elizabeth; Meisel, Frank (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      The development of autonomous ships is at an advanced stage. It seems to be just a question of time before such ships become available at an industrial scale. In this paper, we investigate the economic advantages of utilizing ...
    • Open Hatch Carriers - Future Vessel Designs & Operations 

      Lindstad, Elizabeth; Alterskjær, Sverre Anders; Sandaas, Inge; Solheim, Astrid Vamråk; Vigsnes, Joakim Tveiten (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      The development of Open hatch carriers (OHC) dates back to the early 1960s linked to transport of newsprint from the paper mills along the coast of British Columbia (Canada) to the news-printers in San Francisco and Los ...
    • Optimal ship lifetime fuel and power system selection 

      Lagemann, Benjamin; Lindstad, Elizabeth; Fagerholt, Kjetil; Rialland, Agathe Isabelle; Erikstad, Stein Ove (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
    • Optimal ship lifetime fuel and power system selection under uncertainty 

      Lagemann, Benjamin; Lagouvardou, Sotiria; Lindstad, Elizabeth; Kjetil, Fagerholt; Psaraftis, Harilaos; Erikstad, Stein Ove (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Ship designers face increasing pressure to comply with global emission reduction ambitions. Alternative fuels, potentially derived from bio-feedstock or renewable electricity, provide promising solutions to this problem. ...
    • Potential power setups, fuels and hull designs capable of satisfying future EEDI requirements 

      Lindstad, Elizabeth; Bø, Torstein Ingebrigtsen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      Maritime emission regulations set limits for SOx and NOx emissions for health and environmental reasons, and for CO2, through the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), with the general aim of mitigating global warming. ...
    • Reducing GHG emissions in Shipping - measures and options 

      Lindstad, Elizabeth; Bø, Torstein Ingebrigtsen; Eskeland, Gunnar (Chapter, 2018)
      CO2 emissions from maritime transport represent around 3% of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. These emissions are assumed to increase by 50% to 250% up to 2050 in business-as-usual scenarios with a tripling of world ...
    • Reducing GHG emissions in Shipping - measures and options 

      Lindstad, Elizabeth; Bø, Torstein Ingebrigtsen; Eskeland, Gunnar (Chapter, 2018)
      CO2 emissions from maritime transport represent around 3% of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. These emissions are assumed to increase by 50% to 250% up to 2050 in business-as-usual scenarios with a tripling of world ...
    • Reduction of maritime GHG emissions and the potential role of E-fuels 

      Lindstad, Elizabeth; Lagemann, Benjamin; Rialland, Agathe Isabelle; Gamlem, Gunnar Malm; Valland, Anders (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Maritime transport accounts for around 3% of global anthropogenic Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Well-to-Wake) and these emissions must be reduced with at least 50% in absolute values by 2050, to contribute to the ambitions ...
    • Revitalization of short sea shipping through slender, simplified and standardized designs SMC-007-2016 

      Lindstad, Elizabeth; Eskeland, Gunnar; Sandaas, Inge; Steen, Sverre (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
    • Sulphur Abatement Globally in Maritime Shipping 

      Lindstad, Elizabeth; Rehn, Carl Fredrik; Eskeland, Gunnar (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)
      In 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) decided on global regulations to reduce sulphur emissions to air from maritime shipping starting 2020. The regulation implies that ships can continue to use residual ...