• CO2 cooling challenges at CERN for the future phase 2 upgrade program 

      Verlaat, B; Petagna, P.; Zwalinski, L; Daguin, J.; Giakoumi, D.; Bhanot, V; Battistin, M; Hafner, Armin; Collot, J; Postema, H; Tropea, P; Blust, Stefanie; Hanf, P; Pardiñas, Ángel Á. (Chapter, 2019)
      At CERN, evaporative CO2 is the baseline cooling solution for the thermal management of the phaseII silicon detectors which will be installed in 2025 in the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Since 2008 CO2 cooling is used in 3 ...
    • Evaporative cooling system with natural refrigerant at -50 ℃ and 100 m underground 

      Barroca, Pierre; Hafner, Armin; Álvarez Pardiñas, Ángel; Verlaat, B; Zwalinski, L; Hulek, Wojciech; Petagna, P.; Hanf, Pierre; Battistin, M (Chapter, 2020)
      The cooling systems of the future tracking detectors of both ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be entirely based on CO2 refrigeration technology. The system is a booster refrigeration ...