Browsing NTNU Open by Author "Speed, James David Mervyn"

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    • Global maps of soil temperature 

      Lembrechts, Jonas J.; van den Hoogen, Johan; Aalto, Juha; Ashcroft, Michael B.; De Frenne, Pieter; Kemppinen, Julia; Kopecký, Martin; Luoto, Miska; Maclean, Ilya M. D.; Crowther, Thomas W.; Bailey, Joseph J.; Haesen, Stef; Klinges, David H.; Niittynen, Pekka; Scheffers, Brett R.; Van Meerbeek, Koenraad; Aartsma, Peter; Abdalaze, Otar; Abedi, Mehdi; Aerts, Rien; Ahmadian, Negar; Ahrends, Antje; Alatalo, Juha M.; Alexander, Jake M.; Altman, Jan; Allonsius, Camille Nina; Ammann, Christof; Andres, Christian; Andrews, Christopher; Ardö, Jonas; Arriga, Nicola; Arzac, Alberto; Aschero, Valeria; Leandro de Assis, Rafael; Bjerke, Jarle W.; Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Graae, Bente Jessen; Rechsteiner, Aud Helen Halbritter; Haugum, Siri Vatsø; Lang, Simone; Lynn, Joshua Scott; Moriana Armendariz, Mikel; Petit Bon, Matteo; Smith, Stuart; Sørensen, Mia Vedel; Speed, James David Mervyn; Vandvik, Vigdis; Wedegärtner, Ronja Elisabeth Magdalene; Nijs, Ivan; Lenoir, Jonathan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation ...

    • Global plant trait relationships extend to theclimatic extremes of the tundra biome 

      Thomas, Haydn J.D.; Bjorkman, Anne D.; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Jaroszynska, Francesca; Speed, James David Mervyn (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource ...

    • Growth rings show limited evidence for ungulates’ potential to suppress shrubs across the Arctic 

      Vuorinen, Katariina Elsa Maria; Austrheim, Gunnar; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Hortman, Hans Ivar; Frank, Peter; Barrio, Isabel C.; Dalerum, Fredrik; Björkman, Mats Peter; Björk, Robert G.; Ehrich, Dorothee; Sokolov, Aleksandr; Sokolova, Natalya; Ropars, Pascale; Boudreau, Stephane; Normand, Signe; Prendin, Angela L.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Pacheco-Solana, Arturo; Post, Eric; John, Christian; Kerby, Jeff; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Le Moullec, Mathilde; Hansen, Brage Bremset; van der Wal, René; Pedersen, Åshild Ønvik; Sandal, Lisa; Gough, Laura; Young, Amanda; Li, Bingxi; Magnusson, Runa I.; Sass-Klaassen, Ute; Buchwal, Agata; Welker, Jeffrey; Grogan, Paul; Andruko, Rhett; Morrissette-Boileau, Clara; Volkovitskiy, Alexander; Terekhina, Alexandra; Speed, James David Mervyn (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Global warming has pronounced effects on tundra vegetation, and rising mean temperatures increase plant growth potential across the Arctic biome. Herbivores may counteract the warming impacts by reducing plant growth, but ...

    • Herbivory and climate as drivers of woody plant growth: Do deer decrease the impacts of warming? 

      Vuorinen, Katariina; Rao, Shaila; Hester, Alison J.; Speed, James David Mervyn (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Vegetation at ecotone transitions between open and forested areas is often heavily affected by two key processes: climate change and management of large herbivore densities. These both drive woody plant state shifts, ...

    • Hiding in the background: community-level patterns in invertebrate herbivory across the tundra biome 

      Rheubottom, Sarah I.; Barrio, Isabel C.; Kozlov, Mikhail V.; Alatalo, Juha M.; Andersson, Tommi; Asmus, Ashley L.; Baubin, Capucine; Brearley, Francis Q.; Egelkraut, Dagmar; Ehrich, Dorothee; Gauthier, Gilles; Jonsdottir, Ingibjørg; Konieczka, Sophia; Lévesque, Esther; Olofsson, Johan; Prevéy, Janet S.; Slevan-Tremblay, Guillaume; Sokolov, Aleksandr; Sokolova, Natalia; Sokovnina, Svetlana; Speed, James David Mervyn; Suominen, Otso; Zverev, Vitali; Hik, David S. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Invertebrate herbivores depend on external temperature for growth and metabolism. Continued warming in tundra ecosys-tems is proposed to result in increased invertebrate herbivory. However, empirical data about how current ...

    • Hiding in the background: community-level patterns in invertebrate herbivory across the tundra biome 

      Rheubottom, Sarah I.; Barrio, Isabel C.; Kozlov, Mikhail V.; Alatalo, Juha M.; Andersson, Tommi; Asmus, Ashley L.; Baubin, Capucine; Brearley, Francis Q.; Egelkraut, Dagmar; Ehrich, Dorothee; Gauthier, Gilles; Jonsdottir, Ingibjørg; Konieczka, Sophia; Lévesque, Esther; Olofsson, Johan; Prevéy, Janet S.; Slevan-Tremblay, Guillaume; Sokolov, Aleksandr; Sokolova, Natalia; Sokovnina, Svetlana; Speed, James David Mervyn; Suominen, Otso; Zverev, Vitali; Hik, David S. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Invertebrate herbivores depend on external temperature for growth and metabolism. Continued warming in tundra ecosystems is proposed to result in increased invertebrate herbivory. However, empirical data about how current ...

    • How does microclimate affect the growth of the rare liverwort Scapania nimbosa? 

      Wangen, Kristin; Speed, James David Mervyn; Hassel, Kristian (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)
      Vegetative growth of bryophytes is dependent on water and will stop as soon as the plants dry out. The growth rate depends on the quality of the micro-habitat. Clonal growth and dispersal of plant fragments are important ...

    • Hyper-oceanic liverwort species of conservation concern: Evidence for dispersal limitation and identification of suitable uncolonised regions 

      Wangen, Kristin; Speed, James David Mervyn; Hassel, Kristian (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      In order to successfully manage and conserve species and plant communities, it is important to have a good understanding of their ecology and distributions. The three liverwort species Anastrophyllum donnianum, Scapania ...

    • Impact of an invasive alien plant on litter decomposition along a latitudinal gradient 

      Helsen, Kenny; Smith, Stuart; Brunet, J; Cousins, Sara A.O.; De Frenne, Pieter; Kimberley, Adam; Kolb, Annette; Lenoir, Jonathan; Ma, Shiyu; Michaelis, Jana; Pule, Jan; Verheyen, Kris; Speed, James David Mervyn; Graae, Bente Jessen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      Invasive alien plant effects on ecosystem functions are often difficult to predict across environmental gradients due to the context-dependent interactions between the invader and the recipient communities. Adopting a ...

    • Impacts of an invasive plant on primary production: Testing a functional trait-based framework with a greenhouse experiment 

      Helsen, Kenny; Kapás, Rozália Erzsebet; Rakvaag, Grete; Speed, James David Mervyn; Graae, Bente Jessen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      Questions Predicting when invasive species will affect ecosystem functioning remains problematic, with strong contingency upon both the invasive species and the recipient community's identities. Adopting a functional ...

    • Impacts of roads on bird species richness: A meta-analysis considering road types, habitats and feeding guilds 

      Kroeger, Svenja; Hanslin, Hans Martin; Lennartsson, Tommy; D'Amico, Marcello; Kollmann, Johannes; Fischer, Christina; Albertsen, Elena; Speed, James David Mervyn (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Roadsides can harbour remarkable biodiversity; thus, they are increasingly considered as habitats with potential for conservation value. To improve construction and management of roadside habitats with positive effects on ...

    • Increasing Cervidae populations have variable impacts on habitat suitability for threatened forest plant and lichen species 

      Speed, James David Mervyn; Austrheim, Gunnar; Bendiksby, Mika; Kolstad, Anders Lorentzen; Vuorinen, Katariina (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Large herbivores play a key role in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. Cervidae (deer) population densities and community structure have undergone drastic changes in many parts of the world over the past decades, often ...

    • Is interspecific gene flow and speciation in peatmosses (Sphagnum) constrained by phylogenetic relationship and life-history traits? 

      Meleshko, Olena; Stenøien, Hans K.; Speed, James David Mervyn; Flatberg, Kjell Ivar; Kyrkjeeide, Magni Olsen; Hassel, Kristian (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      Peatmosses are interesting for studies of speciation processes not only because of their frequent hybridization and recent diversification, but also their phenotypic diversity, ecological importance and ancient history. ...

    • Legacy effects of herbivory on treeline dynamics along an elevational gradient 

      Mienna, Ida Marielle; Austrheim, Gunnar; Klanderud, Kari; Bollandsås, Ole Martin; Speed, James David Mervyn (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Treelines are expected to expand into alpine ecosystems with global warming, but herbivory may delay this expansion. This study quantifies long-term effects of temporally varying sheep densities on birch recruitment and ...

    • Litter type and termites regulate root decomposition across contrasting savanna land-uses 

      Smith, Stuart; Speed, James David Mervyn; Bukombe, John; Hassan, Shombe Ntaraluka; Lyamuya, Richard Daniel; Mtweve, Philipo Jacob; Sundsdal, Anders; Graae, Bente Jessen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      Decomposition is a vital ecosystem process, increasingly modified by human activity. Theoretical frameworks and empirical studies that aim to understand the interplay between human land-use, macro-fauna and decomposition ...

    • Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map 

      Soininen, Eeva M; Barrio, Isabel C.; Bjørkås, Ragnhild; Björnsdóttir, Katrin; Ehrich, Dorothee; Hopping, Kelly A.; Kaarlejarvi, E.; Kolstad, Anders Lorentzen; Abdulmanova, Svetlana; Björk, Robert G.; Bueno, C. Guillermo; Eischeid, Isabell; Higgens, Rebecca Finger; Forbey, Jennifer; Gignac, Charles; Gilg, Olivier; Herder, Michael den; Holm, H. S.; Hwang, Bernice; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Kamenova, Stefaniya; Kater, Ilona; Koltz, Amanda; Kristensen, Jeppe A.; Little, Chelsea J.; Macek, Petr; Mathisen, Karen Marie; Metcalfe, Daniel B.; Mosbacher, Jesper Bruun; Mörsdorf, M.; Park, Taejin; Propster, Jeffrey; Roberts, Aradhana J; Serrano, E; Spiegel, Marcus P.; Tamayo, Mariana; Tuomi, Maria Wilhelmina; Verma, Megha; Vuorinen, Katariina Elsa Maria; Väisänen, Maria; Wal, Rene van der; Wilcots, Megan; Yoccoz, Nigel; Speed, James David Mervyn (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Herbivores modify the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. Understanding their impacts is necessary to assess the responses of these ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes. However, the effects of herbivores ...

    • Long-term changes in northern large-herbivore communities reveal differential rewilding rates in space and time 

      Speed, James David Mervyn; Austrheim, Gunnar; Kolstad, Anders Lorentzen; Solberg, Erling Johan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Herbivores have important impacts on ecological and ecosystem dynamics. Population density and species composition are both important determinants of these impacts. Large herbivore communities are shifting in many parts ...

    • Long-term Effects of Shifts in Grazing Pressure on Alpine Plant Species along an Elevational Gradient 

      Maurset, Marie Uhlen (Master thesis, 2015)
      Sheep (Ovis aries) are the main large herbivore in Norwegian mountains during summer and these herbivores have shaped alpine plant communities over a long land-use history. Sheep are selective feeders, and increased livestock ...

    • Long-Term Increase in Aboveground Carbon Stocks Following Exclusion of Grazers and Forest Establishment in an Alpine Ecosystem 

      Speed, James David Mervyn; Martinsen, Vegard; Mysterud, Atle; Mulder, Jan; Holand, Øystein; Austrheim, Gunnar (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Ecosystem stores of carbon are a key component in the global carbon cycle. Many studies have examined the impact of climate change on ecosystem carbon storage, but few have investigated the impact of land-use change and ...

    • Management Effects on Low-Herb Diversity in Outlying Grasslands 

      Vold, Else Marte (Master thesis, 2013)
      During the past century there have been vast changes in land use, which have led to succession processes in outlying lands. As a consequence, species-rich semi-natural grasslands are disappearing and many of their associated ...