| dc.description.abstract | Antibiotic microbial resistance (AMR) is a major global issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. The widespread use of antibiotics in food and agriculture directly or indirectly contributes to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. To ensure food safety, disinfectants are used in different stages of the food production process to inhibit microorganisms. However, despite the effort of cleaning and disinfection, certain bacteria such as Enterobacterales and Aeromonadaceae family can survive due to their ubiquitous nature in diverse environments, including salmon processing facilities.
This study was commenced to identify 55 presumptive Enterobacterales isolated from a salmon processing plant in Norway, focusing on their genus-level classification. After identification, the isolates underwent a phenotypic examination involving a range of antibiotics. Following that, their antimicrobial resistance patterns to various disinfectants were also assessed.
Out of the 55 isolates, 34.5% of them were classified as belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, 18.2% to the Aeromonadaceae family, 25.5% to Yersiniaceae family, and 21.8% to Hafniaceae family. A disk diffusion assay for antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 65.5% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, whereas only 1.8% demonstrated resistance to chloramphenicol and gentamicin each. Overall, a low occurrence of AMR was observed in this study. Moreover, the two most used disinfectants in Norwegian salmon processing plants were tested for their efficacy toward selected isolates. The Aqua Des Foam PAA findings indicated that the recommended user concentration of 1% effectively inhibited the isolates in their planktonic states. In contrast, Ecas-4 disinfectant was inefficient against most tested isolates at the highest concentration (80%), below the industrially recommended user concentration. Subsequently, we could not detect any potential biofilm former in this experiment. | |