Designing for Land-based Control of Autonomous Vessels
Doctoral thesis
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Date
2023Metadata
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- Institutt for design [1056]
Abstract
Autonomous ships can navigate without crew onboard. However, they depend on remote supervisors to monitor multiple ships at once and to take over control when needed. How can we make sure these “remote captains” can do their job safely?
This thesis dives into the process of designing for remote supervisory control of autonomous ships. What is the research state-of-the-art in human-AI interaction? Where are we today with remote control center design? How might we go about designing a real remote control center? What factors influence remote supervisory control? These aspects will be explored in depth from a design research perspective.
Design for human supervisory control is a rapidly growing research topic that will be central to assuring the safety of autonomous ships. The key is rethinking what “autonomous” means, shifting away from “full autonomy” and embracing a human-AI teaming approach. This thesis presents the “Shore Control Lab,” a full-scale prototype of a remote control center for autonomous ships. With the help of simulation testing, the control interface is designed and tested, and the remote supervisor’s role in autonomous ship operations is defined.
Sammendrag
Autonome skip kan navigere uten mannskap ombord. De er imidlertid avhengige av fjernoperatører for å overvåke flere skip samtidig og for å overta kontrollen ved behov. Hvordan kan vi sørge for at disse "hjemmekontor-kapteinene" kan gjøre jobben sin trygt?
Denne oppgaven tar et dypdykk i prosessen med å designe for fjernkontroll av autonome skip. Hva er forskningens state-of-the-art innen menneske-KI-interaksjon? Hvor er vi i dag med fjernkontrollsenterdesign? Hvordan kan vi designe et ekte fjernkontrollsenter? Hvilke faktorer påvirker fjernkontroll? Disse aspektene vil bli utforsket i dybden fra et designforskningsperspektiv.
Design for fjernkontroll er et raskt voksende forskningstema som vil være sentralt for å sikre sikkerheten til autonome skip. Nøkkelen er å revurdere hva "autonom" betyr ved å skifte bort fra "full autonomi" og ta imot en menneske-AI-teaming tilnærming. Denne avhandlingen presenterer "Shore Control Lab", en fullskala prototype av et fjernkontrollsenter for autonome skip. Ved hjelp av simuleringstesting blir kontrollgrensesnittet designet og testet, og fjernoperatørens rolle i autonome skipsoperasjoner definert.
Has parts
Paper 1: Veitch, Erik Aleksander; Alsos, Ole Andreas. A systematic review of human-AI interaction in autonomous ship systems. Safety Science 2022 ;Volum 152. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Paper 2: Veitch, Erik Aleksander; Dybvik, Henrikke; Steinert, Martin; Alsos, Ole Andreas. Collaborative Work with Highly Automated Marine Navigation Systems. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 2022 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-022-09450-7 This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
Paper 3: Veitch, Erik Aleksander; Kaland, Thomas Colin Guo; Alsos, Ole Andreas. Design for Resilient Human-System Interaction in Autonomy: The Case of a Shore Control Centre for Unmanned Ships. Proceedings of the Design Society 2021 ;Volum 1. s. 1023-1032 https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.102 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Paper 4: Veitch, Erik; Alsos, Ole Andreas; Cheng,Tingting; Senderud, Kristin; Utne, Ingrid Bouwer. Human factor influences on supervisory control of remotely operated and autonomous vessels. preprint available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4437731