Requirements and recommendations to frost durable concrete – an overview

Abstract

Requirements and recommendations for frost durable concrete from standards and specifications from Europe, North-America and Asia, various international organizations and construction projects are reviewed, compared and discussed. This is done based on exposure or “load” (wetness/saturation/situation, de-icers, frost, etc.), material or “resistance” (air voids, w/b, binder type, strength etc.), execution (pumping, casting, finishing, curing etc), and tests (air voids, porosity, strength, various frost tests). Finally, some practical examples of the specification together with examples of need of stringency and some occurring peculiarities in testing are given. Also the large variation in how frost durability is perceived in different parties of the decision-, planning-, execution- and commissioning process around the world are discussed and illustrated. The full report can be downloaded from: https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/11250/2598133 Keywords: concrete, constituent, proportions, execution, frost, standard, testing, performance

Requirements and recommendations to frost durable concrete – an overview