dc.contributor.advisor | Sundby, Eirik | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Liu, Huiling | |
dc.contributor.author | Bang, Brage | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-07-06T17:20:26Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-07-06T17:20:26Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
dc.identifier | no.ntnu:inspera:113593029:113594765 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3003256 | |
dc.description.abstract | I dette prosjektet ble elleve kvartære ammonium stoffer (QUATS) syntetisert for bruk som referansestandarder. ˚Atte av disse stoffene tilhører gruppen dialkyldimetylammonium klorider (DDACs) og tre tilhører
gruppen benzylalkyldimetylammonium klorider (BACs). Reaksjonen fulgte en vanlig SN 2 reaksjon der et
tertiært amin alkyleres med alkyl klorider (Menshutkin reaksjon). Forberedelsen av stoffene fulgte tre hovedsteg: syntese, rengjøring og analyse. I syntesen ble utgangsstoffene blandet i et godt egnet løsemiddel. Høye temperaturer og konsentrasjoner av utgangsstoff ble vist til ˚a gi et godt reaksjonsutbytte. I rengjøringsfasen ble produktet vasket i løsemidler som selektivt løser opp utgangsstoffene. Kald heksan egnet seg godt for vask av de mer upolare saltene. Omkrystallisering ble utført p˚a nesten hvert produkt. For BACs ble aceton eller etyl acetat brukt for ˚a omkrystallisere, for DDACs - dietyleter og heksan. Utbyttet p˚a BACs var generelt bedre enn for DDACs. Hvert produkt ble analysert ved hjelp av HPLC eller diverse NMR metoder. Renheten p˚a mange av produktene overgikk 98% renhet (NMR). | |
dc.description.abstract | In this project, eleven quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATS) were synthesized for the purpose as
reference standards. Of these eleven, eight were dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides (DDACs) and three
benzylalkyldimeththylammonium chlorides (BACs). The reaction followed an SN 2 reaction mechanism with
alkylation of a tertiary amine (Menshutkin reaction). The preparation of the QUATS followed three major
steps: synthesis, workup/purification and analysis. In the synthesis, the starting materials was dissolved in
a suitable solvent. It was found that a high temperature and long reaction time yielded a good conversion
rate from starting material to product. In the workup and purification stage, the crude products were
concentrated and washed with a solvents that selectively dissolves starting materials, but not product. For
the most non-polar products, washing in cold hexane gave the best result. Crystallization was done on every
product, but generally, BACs crystallized well in acetone and ethyl acetate while DDACs crystallized in
diethylether and hexane. The end yield for BACs was generally higher than for DDACs. Each product was
analysed using HPLC and various methods of NMR to determine purity. Many of the purities achieved were
over 98% (NMR) | |
dc.language | eng | |
dc.publisher | NTNU | |
dc.title | Syntese av referanse standarder for kvartære ammonium stoffer (QUATS) | |
dc.type | Bachelor thesis | |