@article{Som2005,
author = {S. K. Som and S. S. Mondal and S. K. Dash},
collaboration = {},
title = {Energy and Exergy Balance in the Process of Pulverized Coal Combustion in a Tubular Combustor},
publisher = {ASME},
year = {2005},
journal = {Journal of Heat Transfer},
volume = {127},
number = {12},
pages = {1322-1333},
keywords = {coal; pulverised fuels; combustion; chemically reactive flow; pipe flow; heat transfer; irreversible thermodynamics; two-phase flow; flow separation; swirling flow},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JHR/127/1322/1},
doi = {10.1115/1.2101860}
}

@article{Som2008,
title = "Thermodynamic irreversibilities and exergy balance in combustion processes",
journal = "Progress in Energy and Combustion Science",
volume = "34",
number = "3",
pages = "351 - 376",
year = "2008",
note = "",
issn = "0360-1285",
doi = "DOI: 10.1016/j.pecs.2007.09.001",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3W-4R05V47-1/2/70a7f6b5cdcf026066ffe4b6560fed55",
author = "S.K. Som and A. Datta",
keywords = "Combustion",
keywords = "Chemical reaction",
keywords = "Transport processes",
keywords = "Exergy",
keywords = "Irreversibility"
}
@misc{38,
        title = "Western Climate Initiative",
        year = "2007",
        uri = "www.westernclimateinitiative.org"
}

@misc{TNFdata,
        title = "TNF Simple jet experimental data archive",
        year = "2010",
        url = "http://www.sandia.gov/TNF/simplejet.html"
}

@article{Arpaci1988,
        author = "Vedat S. Arpaci and Ahmet Selamet",
        title = "Entropy production in flames",
        journal = "Combustion and Flame",
        pages = "251-259",
        volume = "73",
        number = "3",
        year = "1988",
        issn = "0010-2180",
        url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2B-497S6TJ-2B/2/84d56d33fef14220ed54f82a7220689f"
}

@book{Bejan1982,
        author = "Adrian Bejan",
        title = "Entropy generation through heat and fluid flow",
        booktitle = "Entropy generation through heat and fluid flow",
        year = "1982",
        publisher = "Wiley",
        isbn = "0-471-09438-2",
        annote = "Har bibliografi."
}

@article{Briones2009,
        author = "Alejandro M. Briones and Achintya Mukhopadhyay and Suresh K. Aggarwal",
        title = "Analysis of entropy generation in hydrogen-enriched methane-air propagating triple flames",
        journal = "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy",
        pages = "1074-1083",
        volume = "34",
        number = "2",
        year = "2009",
        issn = "0360-3199",
        url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3F-4V1V4RH-1/2/80119e85336e8b86a17edfdf867b0567"
}

@article{BurkeSchumann,
        author = "S. P. Burke and T. E. W. Schumann",
        title = "Diffusion flames",
        journal = "Proceedings of the Symposium on Combustion",
        pages = "2-11",
        volume = "1-2",
        year = "1948",
        issn = "1062-2888",
        url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8H1F-4NTNWM4-3/2/3add4ed5ce8e021ced62be19f0d5ed03"
}

@article{Dash1991,
        author = "S. K. Dash and S. K. Som",
        title = "Transport processes and associated irreversibilities in droplet combustion in a convective medium",
        journal = "International Journal of Energy Research",
        pages = "603-619",
        volume = "15",
        number = "7",
        year = "1991",
        publisher = "Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company",
        issn = "1099-114X",
        url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440150708"
}

@article{Datta2005,
        author = "A. Datta",
        title = "Effects of gravity on structure and entropy generation of confined laminar diffusion flames",
        journal = "International Journal of Thermal Sciences",
        pages = "429-440",
        volume = "44",
        number = "5",
        year = "2005",
        issn = "1290-0729",
        url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VT1-4FJV217-1/2/ca9ed6e97aba4a9945b952ccc9f1f047"
}

@article{Dunbar1994,
        author = "W. R. Dunbar and N. Lior",
        title = "Sources of Combustion Irreversibility",
        journal = "Combustion Science and Technology",
        pages = "41 - 61",
        volume = "103",
        number = "1",
        year = "1994",
        issn = "0010-2202",
        url = "http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/00102209408907687"
}

@misc{Ertesvåg2005,
        author = "IS Ertesv\r{a}g and J Kolbu",
        title = "Entropy Production Modeling in CFD of Turbulent Combustion Flow",
        booktitle = "ECOS2005",
        year = "2005",
        address = "Trondheim, Norway"
}

@misc{Ertesvåg2000,
        author = "I. S. Ertesv\r{a}g",
        title = "Turbulent strøyming og forbrenning - Turbulent flow and combustion (in Norwegian)",
        year = "2000",
        address = "Trondheim, Norway",
        publisher = "Tapir Academic Publisher"
}

@unpublished{Ertesvåg2004,
        author = "Ivar S. Ertesv\r{a}g",
        title = "Modeling of Entropy Production and Transport in Turbulent Flames",
        number = "Draft version",
        year = "2004"
        school="Norwegian University of Science and Technology"
}

@mastersthesis{Grimsmo1991,
        author = "B\r{a}rd Grimsmo",
        title = "Numerical simulation of turbulent flow and combustion in a four stroke homogeneous charge internal combustion engine",
        volume = "1991:83",
        year = "1991",
        school = "[Tapir]",
        abstract = "Elektronisk reproduksjon",
        annote = "Avhandling (dr. ing.) - Norges tekniske h{\o}gskole, Trondheim 1991"
}

@book{Hirschfelder1954,
        author = "Joseph O. Hirschfelder and Charles F. Curtiss and R. Byron Bird",
        title = "Molecular theory of gases and liquids",
        booktitle = "Molecular theory of gases and liquids",
        year = "1954",
        publisher = "Wiley"
}

@article{Hiwase1998,
        author = "S D Hiwase and {et al.}",
        title = "Entropy balance and exergy analysis of the process of droplet combustion",
        journal = "Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics",
        pages = "1601",
        volume = "31",
        number = "13",
        year = "1998",
        issn = "0022-3727",
        abstract = "An entropy balance and subsequent exergy analysis of the process of combustion of a liquid fuel droplet in a quiescent gaseous surrounding at high temperature has been performed in order to determine the second-law efficiency of the process. Velocity and species concentration fields for the gas phase and the temperature field both for the gas and for the droplet phases have been evaluated from the numerical solution of the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and heat, accordingly. The rate of generation of entropy due to transport processes and chemical reaction in the gas phase has been determined from the generalized entropy transport equation. A theoretical model for exergy analysis of the process of droplet combustion has been developed in order to predict the second-law efficiency in terms of the pertinent controlling parameters, namely, the ratio of free stream to initial droplet temperatures and the initial Damkohler number. It has been observed that, in a typical diffusion-controlled droplet combustion process, in which the rate of chemical reaction is much faster than the rates of diffusion of heat, mass and momentum, the irreversibility rate has, in contrast, a lower value due to chemical reaction than that due to diffusion processes taken together. A low value of the initial Damkohler number (as close as possible to its limiting value for initiation of ignition) and a high value of free stream temperature should be preferred for the process of droplet combustion from the viewpoint of energy economy in relation to thermodynamic utilization of available energy.",
        uri = "http://stacks.iop.org/0022-3727/31/i=13/a=015"
}

@article{Jones1972,
        author = "W. P. Jones and B. E. Launder",
        title = "The prediction of laminarization with a two-equation model of turbulence",
        journal = "International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer",
        pages = "301-314",
        volume = "15",
        number = "2",
        year = "1972",
        issn = "0017-9310",
        uri = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3H-482GH6P-9C/2/42ffc5227a5a26c3061969c5f83bf55b"
}

@book{KCW,
        author = "WM KAYS and ME CRAWFORD and B WEIGAND",
        title = "Convective Heat and Mass Transfer",
        booktitle = "Convective Heat and Mass Transfer",
        year = "2005"
}

@article{Launder1974,
        author = "B. E. Launder and D. B. Spalding",
        title = "The numerical computation of turbulent flows",
        journal = "Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering",
        pages = "269-289",
        volume = "3",
        number = "2",
        year = "1974",
        issn = "0045-7825",
        uri = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V29-481DWF5-10/2/4cdf7cb1ac680e1955dbc37a53bdb6bf"
}

@inproceedings{Magnussen1989,
        author = "BF Magnussen",
        title = "Modeling of NOx and soot formation by the Eddy Dissipation Concept",
        pages = "17-19",
        year = "1989"
}

@inproceedings{Magnussen1976,
        author = "BF Magnussen and BH Hjertager",
        title = "On mathematical modeling of turbulent combustion with special emphasis on soot formation and combustion",
        pages = "719-729",
        year = "1976"
}

@article{Meier2000,
        author = "W. Meier and R. S. Barlow and Y. L. Chen and J. Y. Chen",
        title = "Raman/Rayleigh/LIF measurements in a turbulent CH4/H2/N2 jet diffusion flame: experimental techniques and turbulence-chemistry interaction",
        journal = "Combustion and Flame",
        pages = "326-343",
        volume = "123",
        number = "3",
        year = "2000",
        issn = "0010-2180",
        uri = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2B-41CP369-3/2/b0c3866fc27a96150a98c5f19485cfd8"
}

@book{MS,
        author = "Michael J. Moran and Howard N. Shapiro",
        title = "Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics 5th ed: SI Version",
        year = "2006"
}

@article{Muniz2001,
        author = "L. Mu\~niz and M. G. Mungal",
        title = "Effects of heat release and buoyancy on flow structure and entrainment in turbulent nonpremixed flames",
        journal = "Combustion and Flame",
        pages = "1402-1420",
        volume = "126",
        number = "1-2",
        year = "2001",
        issn = "0010-2180",
        uri = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2B-43T1VYT-5/2/fe2f22f92053de6cfa0d3490019c34df"
}

@inproceedings{Nishida2002,
        author = "K. Nishida and T. Takagi and S. Kinoshita",
        title = "Analysis of entropy generation and exergy loss during combustion",
        pages = "869-874",
        volume = "29",
        edition = "1",
        year = "2002",
        annote = "Cited By (since 1996): 19 Export Date: 3 December 2010 Source: Scopus",
        url = "http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0038639754&partnerID=40&md5=58ea69d817aec402ae7eb5341857bf60"
}

@misc{PitschFlamelet,
        author = "H. Pitsch",
        title = "Creating a Flamelet Library for the Steady Flamelet Model or the Flamelet/Progress Variable Approach",
        year = "2006"
}

@misc{FlameMaster,
        author = "H. Pitsch",
        title = "FlameMaster, A C++ Computer Program for 0D Combustion and 1D Laminar Flame Calculations",
        year = "2007",
        url = "http://www.stanford.edu/group/pitsch/FlameMaster.htm"
}

@misc{FlameMan,
        author = "H. Pitsch and R. Seiser and Varatharajan B.",
        title = "A Guide to FlameMaster",
        
}

@article{Shih1995,
        author = "Tsan-Hsing Shih and William W. Liou and Aamir Shabbir and Zhigang Yang and Jiang Zhu",
        title = "A new k-[epsilon] eddy viscosity model for high reynolds number turbulent flows",
        journal = "Computers & Fluids",
        pages = "227-238",
        volume = "24",
        number = "3",
        year = "1995",
        issn = "0045-7930",
        url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V26-3YCMX4B-Y/2/639899389575c76ac04da09b9dfd386c"
}

@article{Som2007,
        author = "S. K. Som and G. K. Agrawal and Suman Chakraborty",
        title = "Thermodynamics of flame impingement heat transfer",
        journal = "Journal of Applied Physics",
        pages = "043506",
        volume = "102",
        number = "4",
        year = "2007",
        url = "http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/102/043506/1",
        uri = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2769784"
}

@article{Som2002,
        author = "S. K. Som and N. Y. Sharma",
        title = "Energy and Exergy Balance in the Process of Spray Combustion in a Gas Turbine Combustor",
        journal = "Journal of Heat Transfer",
        pages = "828-836",
        volume = "124",
        number = "5",
        year = "2002",
        publisher = "ASME",
        url = "http://link.aip.org/link/?JHR/124/828/1"
}

@article{Stanciu2001,
        author = "D Stanciu and D Isvoranu and M Marinescu and Y Gogus",
        title = "Second law analysis of diffusion flames",
        journal = "International Journal of Thermodynamics",
        pages = "1",
        volume = "4",
        number = "1",
        year = "2001",
        issn = "1301-9724"
}

@article{Stanciu2007,
        author = "D Stanciu and M Marinescu and A Dobrovicescu",
        title = "The Influence of Swirl Angle on the Irreversibilities in Turbulent Diffusion Flames",
        journal = "Int. J. of Thermodynamics",
        pages = "143-153",
        volume = "10",
        number = "4",
        year = "2007",
        issn = "1301-9724"
}

@article{Rakopoulos2009,
title = "Generation of combustion irreversibilities in a spark ignition engine under biogas-hydrogen mixtures fueling",
journal = "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy",
volume = "34",
number = "10",
pages = "4422 - 4437",
year = "2009",
note = "2nd World Hydrogen Technologies Convention, 2nd World Hydrogen Technologies Convention",
issn = "0360-3199",
doi = "DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.02.087",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3F-4W32974-1/2/7b6b708198c074ba665f48d62b084703",
author = "C.D. Rakopoulos and C.N. Michos",
keywords = "Hydrogen",
keywords = "Biogas",
keywords = "Spark ignition engine",
keywords = "Availability analysis",
keywords = "Combustion irreversibilities",
keywords = "Spatial distribution",
keywords = "Multi-zone thermodynamic model",
keywords = "Quasi-dimensional combustion model"
}

@article{Barlow1996,
title = "Relationships among Nitric Oxide, Temperature, and Mixture Fraction in Hydrogen Jet Flames",
journal = "Combustion and Flame",
volume = "104",
number = "3",
pages = "288 - 299",
year = "1996",
note = "",
issn = "0010-2180",
doi = "DOI: 10.1016/0010-2180(95)00123-9",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2B-3VVV133-5/2/ca6d99b64fd51d218d21e0e75111ed0e",
author = "R. S. Barlow and C. D. Carter"
}

@article{Barlow1994,
title = "Raman/Rayleigh/LIF measurements of nitric oxide formation in turbulent hydrogen jet flames",
journal = "Combustion and Flame",
volume = "97",
number = "3-4",
pages = "261 - 280",
year = "1994",
note = "",
issn = "0010-2180",
doi = "DOI: 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90020-5",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2B-497BD36-11/2/53828a5a0902787a6b94178f0b91b0b0",
author = "R.S. Barlow and C.D. Carter"
}

@misc{SandiaH2He,
	author = {Robert S. Barlow},
	title  ={Sandia $H_{2}$/$He$ Flame Data - Release 2.0},
	year = {2003},
	url="http://www.sandia.gov/TNF"
}

@book{mills2001mass,
  title={{Mass transfer}},
  author={Mills, A.F.},
  isbn={9780130328298},
  lccn={00066896},
  url={http://books.google.com/books?id=8MxwQgAACAAJ},
  year={2001},
  publisher={Prentice Hall}
}

@book{warnatz2006combustion,
  title={Combustion: physical and chemical fundamentals, modeling and simulation, experiments, pollutant formation},
  author={Warnatz, J. and Maas, U. and Dibble, R.W.},
  year={2006},
  publisher={Springer Verlag}
}

@book{turns2000combustion,
  title={An introduction to combustion: concepts and applications},
  author={Turns, S.R.},
  isbn={9780071169103},
  lccn={99025421},
  series={McGraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering},
  year={2000},
  publisher={McGraw-Hill}
}
@book{incropera2007fundamentals,
  title={Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer},
  author={Incropera, F.P.},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Wiley}
}

@article{launder1972lectures,
  title={Lectures in mathematical models of turbulence},
  author={Launder, B.E. and Spalding, D.B.},
  year={1972},
  publisher={Academic press}
}

@techreport{kee1990chemkin,
  title={The Chemkin thermodynamic data base},
  author={Kee, R.J. and Rupley, F.M. and Miller, J.A.},
  year={1990},
  institution={Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (USA)}
}

@article{Hottel1949,
title = "Diffusion in laminar flame jets",
journal = "Symposium on Combustion and Flame, and Explosion Phenomena",
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "254 - 266",
year = "1949",
note = "Third Symposium on Combustion and Flame and Explosion Phenomena",
issn = "1062-2896",
doi = "DOI: 10.1016/S1062-2896(49)80034-1",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062289649800341",
author = "H.C. Hottel and W.R. Hawthorne"
}

@book{versteeg2007introduction,
  title={An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: the finite volume method},
  author={Versteeg, H.K. and Malalasekera, W.},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Prentice Hall}
}

@unpublished{PedramProject,
	author = {Pedram Nadim},
	title  ={Irreversibility of combustion, heat and mass transfer},
	note = {Semester project},
	year = {2010}
}

@article{flurylaser,
  title={Laser Doppler Velocimetry Measurements in Turbulent Non Premixed Hydrogen/Helium Flames},
  author={Flury, M. and Schlatter, M.},
  journal={At internet address: http://www. ca. sandia. gov/tdf/DataArch/H2HeData. html}
}

@article{Saxena2006,
title = "Testing a small detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism for the combustion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide",
journal = "Combustion and Flame",
volume = "145",
number = "1-2",
pages = "316 - 323",
year = "2006",
note = "",
issn = "0010-2180",
doi = "DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.10.004",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010218005003123",
author = "Priyank Saxena and Forman A. Williams",
keywords = "Chemical-kinetic mechanisms",
keywords = "Autoignition",
keywords = "Laminar burning velocities",
keywords = "Diffusion-flame extinction",
keywords = "Hydrogen",
keywords = "Carbon monoxide"
}

@article{Swaminathan1999,
title = "Assessment of combustion submodels for turbulent nonpremixed hydrocarbon flames",
journal = "Combustion and Flame",
volume = "116",
number = "4",
pages = "519 - 545",
year = "1999",
note = "",
issn = "0010-2180",
doi = "DOI: 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00067-4",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010218098000674",
author = "N. Swaminathan and R.W. Bilger"
}

